1. Khi nào cần rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?

Chúng ta sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn khi trong câu đã có động từ chính. Như chúng ta đã biết, trong 1 câu không thể có 2 động từ chính, nếu câu có 2 động từ chính, thì 1 động từ phải nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn, khi đó chúng ta cần sử dụng cấu trúc mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn.

Cách nhận biết mệnh đề quan hệ

Để nhận biết các dạng bài liên quan đến mệnh đề quan hệ thông thường, bạn sẽ thấy các phương án chọn xuất hiện 1 trong các từ như: Who/ whom/ whose/ that/ what/ which/ where/ when/ why…

2. Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn thành Ving khi câu đó mang nghĩa chủ động.

N + ĐTQH + V…

➔ N + Ving…

Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn thành Ved/PII khi câu đó mang nghĩa bị động.

N + ĐTQH + tobe + Ved/PII…

➔ N + Ved/PII…

Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn khi trong câu có các từ The first/second/last/… + N.

The first/second/last/only… + N + … + ĐTQH…

The Adj_so sánh nhất + N + ĐTQH….

Đối với câu chủ động ➔ The Adj_so sánh nhất/The first… + N + To Vinf…

Đối với câu bị động ➔ The Adj_so sánh nhất/The first + N + To be Ved/PII…

Mệnh đề rút gọn đặc biệt:

N + ĐTQH + S + V…

➔ N + (for somebody) + to Vinf…

Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn khi có chứa tính từ/cụm tính từ.

N + MĐQH + Tobe + Adj/cụm Adj +…

➔ N + Adj/cụm Adj + …

3. Bài tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ có đáp án

Bài 1: Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

1. The man who is standing there is a clown.

2. The envelope which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes, and explosives.

4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

5. The student won’t know how to do exercise which was given by the teacher yesterday.

6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.

7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.

8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.

9. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.

10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

11. The street which leads to the school is very wide.

12. The system which is used here is very successful.

13. John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor.

14. Trains that leave from this station take an hour to get to London.

15. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.

16. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.

17. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.

18. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.

19. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm.

20. The vegetable which is sold in this shop is grown without chemicals.

Bài 2: Hãy chọn đáp án đúng nhất

1.The people___________ at the back couldn’t speak.

A. to sit B. sitting C. sit D. sits

2. Minh was the first student ___________________.

A. interview B. interviewed C. to interview D. to be interviewed

3. The TV _____________ by my mother last week is cheap.

A. bought B. buy C. to buy D. buying

4. Most people __________ to the party didn’t appear.

A. invited B. to invite C. inviting D. invite

5. That is a company ______________ shoes.

A. produces B. producing C. to produce D. produce

6. The cake ________ by his girlfriend is beautiful and lovely.

A. make B. to make C. to be made D. made

7. This system _________ there is very good and successful.

A. to use B. use C. used D. using

Đáp án bài 1

1. The man standing there is a clown.

2. The envelope lies on the table has no stamp on it.

3. Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes, and explosives.

4. My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house.

5. The student won’t know how to do the exercise given by the teacher yesterday.

6. The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.

7. The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator.

8. All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.

9. All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.

10. I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.

11. The street leading to the school is very wide.

12. The system used here is very successful.

13. John, teaching my son, is my neighbor.

14. Trains leaving from this station take an hour to get to London.

15. The candidates sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.

16. We are driving on the road built in 1980.

17. Customers complaining about the service should see the manager.

18. The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.

19. My brother, meeting you yesterday, works for a big firm.

20. The vegetable sold in this shop is grown without chemicals.

Đáp án bài 2

1.Chọn B 

2. Chọn D 

3. Chọn A 

4. Chọn A 

5. Chọn B 

6. Chọn D 

7. Chọn C